Risk: Lessons from the white ship, bad water in Flint, and smokers
On November 25, 1120 A.D., the son and sole heir of the English king Henry I , boarded a new, fast ship to cross the French channel. The heir, William Adelin, generously provided the crew with wine. Many of England’s elite were on board. Some on board, just before departure, hurried off the ship—rightly worried about a thoroughly intoxicated crew. The ocean was churning from storms during the night. The “white ship” struck a rock and all on board, except for a butcher, drowned. The cost to society for this entirely avoidable disaster was enormous. The loss of William Adelin set off an English civil war lasting for years, with thousands perishing as the armies of his sister Matilda and Stephen of Blois ravaged the countryside. In 2014 the city of Flint Michigan made the decision to switch its water supply from the more expensive Detroit system to using the Flint river as its source. Serious health problems resulted. Babi...